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2008年  第25卷  第3期

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核物理
A=135核区N=79的同中异位素高自旋结构研究
朱胜江, 徐强, 车兴来, 朱凌燕, 陈永静, 丁怀博, 王建国, 竺礼华, 温书贤, 吴晓光
2008, 25(3): 209-217. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.209
摘要:
摘要: 对清华大学在束γ谱实验组近年来在A=135缺中子核区N=79的同中异位素 135Ba, 137Ce和 139Nd的高自旋态实验研究进行了介绍。 实验是在中国原子能科学研究院HI13串列加速器上用在束γ的实验技术、 分别通过重离子核反应 130Te(9Be, 4n), 124Sn(18O, 5n), 128Te(16O, 5n)进行的。 实验结果扩展了这3个核的高自旋态能级纲图。 研究表明, 这3个核的低自旋态结构均起源于 νh-111/2空穴与其偶偶核芯的耦合。 用粒子转子模型对其结构进行了计算, 得到这3个核的形变参量γ值均稍大于30°, 为偏向于扁椭的三轴形变, 从而可看出Ba, Ce和Nd 3个同位素链在低自旋态下由长椭边到扁椭边的形状转变都发生在中子数N=77—79之间。 对于中等自旋态下一些能级的组态进行了指定与系统学比较。 在高自旋态下, 在 137Ce中发现一条γ≈-60°的扁椭形变带, 在 139Nd中则发现3条这样的扁椭形变带, 对这些扁椭形变带的起源及结构特性进行了讨论。 The progress of research on the high spin states at N=79 isotopes 135Ba, 137Ce and 139Nd in A=135 neutrondeficient region by the research group of Tsinghua University has been reviewed. The experiments were carried out by using inbeam γray spectroscopy technology and heavy ion nuclear reactions 130Te(9Be, 4n), 124Sn(18O, 5n) and 128Te(16O, 5n) at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The high spin level schemes of these nuclei have been expanded. The results indicate that the lower spin states of these nuclei originated from νh-111/2 hole state coupling with the neighboring eveneven nucleus cores. All the deformation parameters γ values of these three isotones are larger than 30°, which indicates that they have triaxial deformation with oblate side. The prolateoblate transition in Ba, Ce and Nd isotopic chains indeed happens between N=77 and N=79. Through systematical comparison with the neighboring isotones, the configurations for some middle spin state levels have been assigned. At the high spin states, one oblate band in 137Ce and three ones in 139Nd with γ≈ -60° were discovered. The origination and structural character of these oblate bands have been discussed.
电磁场中带电粒子在非对易相空间的能级
王亚辉, 王剑华, 黄文登
2008, 25(3): 218-223. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.218
摘要:
非对易空间效应是出现在弦的尺度下的一种物理效应。 首先扼要介绍了非对易相空间中的量子力学代数、 MoyalWeyl乘法和广义Bopp变换, 然后讨论了电磁场中带电粒子的Hamiltonian算符, 最后给出了其在非对易相空间中的能级情况。
基于CDCC理论对氘核破裂效应进行初步研究(英文)
安海霞, 蔡崇海
2008, 25(3): 224-231. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.224
摘要:
为研究氘核的破裂效应对弹性散射角分布和反应截面的影响, 基于连续离散化耦合道 (CDCC) 理论编制了程序CDCCOM。 从中心点波函数的初始值出发, 利用P3C5算法求解耦合道方程组, 进而通过边界点上内、 外区的波函数相匹配求得S矩阵元。 P3C5算法提高了计算精度, 同时验证了程序CDCCOM的有效性。 通过与其他工作的计算结果及实验数据进行比较, 认为在氘核入射能量低于200 MeV的情况下, 对于大多数靶核, 通过CDCCOM都能够得出合理的结果, 表明该程序可用于进一步研究氘核诱发的非弹性核反应。
原子核密度经验公式与轻子-核DIS过程的核效应
王艳召, 张鸿飞, #, 高永华, 侯召宇, 左维
2008, 25(3): 232-235. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.232
摘要:
在核密度模型基础之上利用原子核密度经验公式得到的核密度和利用电磁半径平方平均值得到的核密度分别计算了轻子核深度非弹性散射过程中的核效应函数RHe/D(x, Q2), RLi/D(x, Q2), RC/Li(x, Q2), RCa/Li(x, Q2), 发现利用由原子核密度经验公式得到的核密度计算核效应函数所得结果与NMC实验数据符合得较好, 并且优于用后者方法计算核效应函数的理论结果, 从而说明利用原子核密度经验公式研究核子结构函数核效应的合理性。 The nuclear effect functions in lA DIS process RHe/D(x, Q2), RLi/D(x, Q2), RC/Li(x, Q2) and RCa/Li(x, Q2) are calculated on the basis of the nuclear density model by using nuclear densities obtained from an empirical formula or the experimental values of the electromagnetic mean of radius square 〈r2〉, respectively.It is shown that the nuclear effect functions obtained from the empirical formula are in good agreement with the NMC experimental data, and better than the later ones.The empirical formula of the nuclear density can be used to study the nuclear effect of nucleon structure functions reasonably.
天然Pt和Al对比材料中7Be衰变率差别的测量
李成波, 文群刚, 孟秋英, 刘志毅, 周书华, 李笑梅, 周静, 傅元勇, 胡守扬, 周峰, 李守平
2008, 25(3): 236-239. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.236
摘要:
将HI-13北京串列加速器次级束流线产生的放射性核素 7Be分别注入到天然Pt和Al中, 利用两个高纯锗探测器同时测量 7Be 经由7Li第一激发态衰变后跃迁到基态产生的478 keVγ射线产额随时间的变化, 结果在实验误差范围内(<0.14%)没有发现7Be衰变率在Pt与Al中有明显差别, 讨论了这两种材料的电子亲和势及有效电子密度与EC衰变率的关系。 We measured the variation of the decay rate of 7Be implanted in Pt and Al host materials by detecting the 478 keV γray emitted from the first excited state of 7Li which is produced by EC decay of 7Be with two HPGe detectors simultaneously, and found no difference of 7Be decay rate in Pt from that in Al within our experimental error (<0.14%). We discussed the relation of the decay rate variation with the electronic affinities and effective electron densities near the implanted ions in the two different host materials.
金属环境中低能D(d, p)T反应的研究
吕会议, 王铁山#, 陈建勇, 杨振, 刘盛进, 方开洪
2008, 25(3): 240-248. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.240
摘要:
近年来一系列实验表明, 金属环境中的低能带电粒子引起的核反应截面与气体靶中的相比出现明显增大, 这种现象通常被归结为电子屏蔽效应。 全面介绍了金属环境中D(d, p)T反应电子屏蔽效应的测量方法、 数据分析和实验结果的规律性, 并简要论述了包括德拜等离子体模型在内的各种理论模型对实验结果的解释。 通过研究, 可以获得有关核物理、 核天体物理和凝聚态物理的宝贵知识。
The cross sections σ(E) of low energy nuclear reactions induced by charged particles in metallic environment are much larger than that in gas. Generally, it was taken as the effect of the electron screening. In this work, the experimental method of the D(d, p)T reaction in metallic environment was introduced. The data analysis and the regularity of experimental results were also discussed. All kinds of theoretical models including the Debye model were discussed, which can roughly explain the results of the experiments. The valuable knowledge of nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and condensed state physics can be obtained in the study of lowenergy nuclear reaction in metallic environment.
加速器
HIRFL-CSR实验环高频同轴谐振腔设计原理
许哲, 段亚娟, 赵红卫, 夏佳文, 詹文龙
2008, 25(3): 249-253. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.249
摘要:
介绍了同步加速器高频铁氧体加载腔体的设计原理和设计计算过程。 详细说明了腔体加载铁氧体材料的作用和意义, 并对传统的传输线理论计算结果、 CST(Computer Simulation Technology)软件模拟计算结果和实际腔体测量结果进行了比较。
In this paper, the principle and the process of design and calculation based on RF ferrite loaded coaxial cavity in synchrotron are presented. The function and significance of cavity loaded by ferrite are elaborated in detail. Then the calculated results by traditional transmission line theory, software simulated results by Computer Simulation Technology(CST ) and the actual cavity measured results are compared.
Varian 2300C 直线加速器6 MV X线的蒙特卡罗模拟
林辉, 吴东升, 李国丽, 景佳, 周金斌, 杨铸
2008, 25(3): 254-259. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.254
摘要:
摘要: 利用先进的蒙特卡罗治疗头模拟程序BEAMnrc, 依据商家提供的详细设计资料, 集成多项优化模拟参数, 对医用直线加速器射线束传输部分进行了模拟, 获得与测量数据一致的模拟结果。 对复杂多叶光栏模型进行了建模, 模拟了非规则野的剂量分布, 以用于后续研究工作。 Based on the detail head structure designing provided by the manufacture, the ray transmission of VARIAN Clinic 2300C 6 MVX beam was simulated by Monte Carlo code, BEAMnrc. To accelerate the simulation efficiency, multiple optimized parameters were optimized. The simulated and the measured data were well coincident. The dose distribution of a complicated irregular field formed by MLC (MultiLeaf Collimators) was simulated, which are the base for further research work.
核技术
RIBLL终端大面积光纤阵列探测器研制
杨彦云, 王建松, 肖国青, 高启, 高辉, 黄美容, 姚向武, 李琛, 徐瑚珊, 郭忠言, 胡正国, 章学恒, 黄天衡, 余玉洪, 仇浩
2008, 25(3): 259-264. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.259
摘要:
描述了RIBLL终端大型探测器之一的大面积闪烁光纤阵列探测器(LASFA)的工作原理和结构特点, 报道了LASFA的研制以及单元性能的改进与测试。 LASFA具有很高的时间分辨和空间分辨能力, 可以很好地测量RIBLL终端各种轻带电粒子的信息。 The principles and structure characteristics of Large Area Scintillating Fiber Array(LASFA) detector at RIBLL (Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou) are described. The development of LASFA and the characteristics of the scintillating fibers unit are reported. LASFA can be used to detect the light charged particles at RIBLL terminal due to its good time and spatial resolutions.
低能粒子与X射线在碳纳米管(绳)内传输研究的现状
郑里平, 李勇, 朱志远, 夏汇浩, 朱德彰
2008, 25(3): 265-271. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.265
摘要:
高能粒子(沟道)传输时, 粒子质量与入射能量有关。 低能粒子(沟道)传输时, 粒子(静止)质量与入射能量无关。 与其说高低能量区别, 不如说质量观念区别; 因此两者研究是不同观念的研究。 沟道连续势阱的柱状对称性与碳纳米管结构的变化无关。 X射线(沟道)传输表现为两方面: 在波动性方面, 它遵守光学散射规律; 在粒子性方面, 它被沟道连续势阱束缚。
For highenergy particle transmission, its mass depends on its incident energy. For lowenergy particle transmission, its (static) mass is independent of its incident energy. The difference between the mass ideas is rather than that between high and low energies. Thus, these two transmission studies are very different in ideas. The column symmetry of transverse continuum potential well is independent of the nanotube structure. Xray transmission consists of two aspects: as wave, it is scattered by the laws of ray optics; as particle, it is captured in the transverse continuum potential well.
放射性惰性气体 37Ar向地表输运的数值模拟
佘若谷, 李华, 刘成安, 伍钧
2008, 25(3): 271-276. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.271
摘要:
放射性惰性气体 37Ar的监测是全面禁止核试验条约核查体系中现场视察(OSI)的一项重要技术手段。 为在理论上考察地下核爆炸后 37Ar泄漏到地表的时间及泄漏量, 将核试验场区抽象为多孔介质, 在不考虑 37Ar在基岩中吸附、 解吸的情况下, 利用多孔介质渗流模型, 对理想场区地下核爆炸产生的 37Ar在地层中的输运进行数值模拟, 给出了 37Ar泄漏到地表时间及变化量。 计算结果可为OSI惰性气体监测技术的发展及其在地下核爆炸监测中应用的有效性评价提供参考。 Monitoring radioactive gas 37Ar is an important technique for the OnSite Inspection(OSI) of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. In order to establish a theoretical model that can be used to calculate the appearing time and radioactivity of 37Ar which transports to the ground after a nuclear explosion, the rock media in the test area is assumed to be a homogeneous porous media, without consideration of gas absorption by and release from the rock media. The seepage model in the porous media is used to calculate 37Ar transportation. Computational results give the time 37Ar leaks to the ground and the variation of its radioactivity with time.And we can analyze and consider the computational results when we have developed OSI noble gas monitoring systems and evaluated their effectiveness.
电化学方法制备Si阵列微孔的工艺研究
薛智浩, 孙友梅, #, 常海龙, 刘杰, 侯明东, 姚会军, 莫丹, 陈艳峰
2008, 25(3): 277-281. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.277
摘要:
对用电化学方法制备Si大孔阵列管坑工艺进行了初步探索。 通过对Si在KOH溶液中各向异性湿法蚀刻和在HF酸溶液中的电化学蚀刻过程中各种参数的摸索, 确定在室温下制备大孔阵列的最佳配比浓度, 蚀刻出符合要求的管坑阵列, 为进一步制备结构化闪烁屏奠定了实验基础。 The 3D structures in silicon are increasingly coming to use in many fields. For example, the high resolution Xray digital imaging detector can be made by coupling CCD and the scintillating screen which is made by the array trenches filled with CsI(Tl). In the present work, we explored the technology of etching microarray on the ntype silicon with high resistance. By studying the relative parameters of anisotropic etching of KOH and electrochemical etching of HF, the optimized concentration of HF was determined and the micropore array trenches with 200 μm in depth were realized. The results establish an experimental base for further fabrication of the scintillating screen.
交叉学科
离子注入对黑松花粉粒和花粉管内骨架系统的损伤效应
黄群策, 梁秋霞, 李国平
2008, 25(3): 282-286. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.282
摘要:
以黑松花粉粒和花粉管为试验材料, 研究了离子注入对细胞骨架系统的损伤效应。研究结果表明, 离子注入会不同程度地破坏花粉管内微管网络的完整性, 花粉管形态的异常状态与其微管骨架结构的异常状态密切相关。离子注入对黑松花粉管内的微管骨架系统的正常结构有明显的效应, 这种效应的明显程度与离子注入剂量有一定的相关性, 即随着离子注入剂量的增加, 微管骨架系统受到破坏的程度更加明显。离子注入对黑松花粉管内微丝骨架系统的分布状态有明显的影响, 其程度也与离子注入剂量的大小存在一定的相关性。
离子束辐照拟南芥生物学效应及其分子机理研究进展
吴大利, 侯岁稳, #, 李文建
2008, 25(3): 287-293. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.287
摘要:
综述了离子束辐照拟南芥种子生物学效应、 生长发育变化、 向重力性等研究的最新进展。 阐释了离子束辐照拟南芥染色体DNA碱基变化、 DNA断裂或损伤、 染色体重组、 突变遗传性等分子机理。 探讨了离子束介导外源基因转化拟南芥的有效性和机理。 同时展望了辐照拟南芥分子机理研究中的辐射原初效应传递、 信号转导等其他机理研究及重离子辐射生物学效应的应用前景。
Newly research progresses were summarized in effect of ion beams on seed surface, biological effect, growth, development, gravitropism and so on. Furthermore, mutation molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana was discussed, for example, alteration of DNA bases, DNA damage, chromosomal recombination, characteristics of mutant transmissibility, etc. Meanwhile, the achievements of transferring extraneous gene to Arabidopsis thaliana by ion beams were reviewed in the paper. At last, the future prospective are also discussed here in mutation molecular mechanism and the potential application of biological effect of heavy ion beams.
hprt基因突变分析方法及其在辐射生物学中的应用
何晶, 李强
2008, 25(3): 294-299. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.294
摘要:
hprt基因(次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶基因)由于其本身所具有的独特生物学特性, 逐渐成为基因突变机制和修复机制理想的研究靶点, hprt基因突变分析法也逐渐成为很有价值并被广泛应用的生物剂量计。 系统地综述了hprt基因的生物学特性、 突变的检测方法学及其在辐射事故分析、 放射治疗和宇航事业研究中的应用和进展。
利用多重示踪技术研究正常鼠和肿瘤鼠的微量元素代谢(英文)
王潇, 张翔, 秦芝, 孔福全, 赵葵
2008, 25(3): 300-304. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.300
摘要:
利用25 MeV/u 40Ar+Se中能重离子核反应, 制备包含24种元素在内的多重示踪剂, 通过对元素γ谱的分析, 研究了正常鼠和肿瘤鼠体内微量元素的分布及代谢。Mg, Sr, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mo, Co, Fe, Y, Zr, Nb和Ru等元素在肿瘤鼠的粪便和尿液中的排泄时间与正常鼠不同。 肿瘤鼠与正常鼠相比, Na, Mn, Fe和Co的排泄变化较大, 肿瘤鼠的排泄率较正常鼠高; 而Ca, Y, Zr和Mo的排泄率肿瘤鼠则较正常鼠低; 在正常鼠脏器、 组织和血液样品中测出了Na, Rb, Ga, Sc, As, Zn, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe、Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag和In等17种元素, 肿瘤鼠检测出了除Zn和As之外的其它15种元素。 几乎所有的元素在正常鼠中的吸收均比肿瘤鼠高。 大部分元素分布在肝、 肾和毛皮以及实体瘤中, 而Fe和Na在肿瘤组织则没有检测到。 A radioactive multitracer solution of the 24 elements, e.g. Be, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Y, Zr, Mo, Nb, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, was obtained from the nuclear reaction of 25 MeV/u 40Ar+Se with a series of chemical process. The multitracer solution was orally administered to normal and muscular tumourbearing mice of male Balb/c mice. Urine and faeces samples of mice were collected. The two group mice were sacrificed after 96 h. The uptake of 17 elements, Na, Rb, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, were simultaneously detected in normal mice while 15 elements, Na, Rb, Ga, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, were simultaneously detected in tumourbearing mice. Our results indicate that the majority of the detected elements were distributed in liver, kidney, pelt, tumour while a small fraction of the biotrace elements were distributed in heart and spleen (tumourbearing mice) in the two groups of mice. The higher concentrations of Fe, Na, Mn were detected in heart or kidney of normal mice. Na, Mn, Fe and Co showed better absorption in most tissues in the normal mice, except for Na and Mn in heart.
碳纳米颗粒的放射性99mTc标记
诸颖, 李玉峰, 张小勇, 李晴暖, 李文新, #
2008, 25(3): 305-310. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.305
摘要:
探索了影响氯化亚锡还原法制备碳纳米管和不同粒径纳米碳黑的99mTc标记化合物的多种因素, 在给定实验条件下, 99mTc的标记率能够稳定达到90%以上。 细胞培养液中标记物的放射化学纯度在2.5 h中保持在(86±4)%范围内。 制备的标记化合物满足碳纳米颗粒细胞摄取率测定和细胞毒性机制研究的实验要求。 实验结果提示, 99mTc标记过程是基于还原得到的低价Tc在碳纳米颗粒表面上的物理吸附机理。 The effects of experimental conditions on preparation of 99mTclabeled carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon blacks by SnCl2 were investigated. At given conditions the labeling yields were over 90%. In a culture medium, the radiochemical purity of the labeling compounds kept (86±4)% within 2.5 h. The 99mTc labeled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and nanocarbon blackes (NCBs) obtained in this work met satisfactory experimental demands for study of cellular uptake and toxicity. The experiments showed that the labeling process was based on physical adsorption of low valent technetium resulted from reduction reaction on the surface of the carbon nanomaterials.
密度泛函理论对Cu6团簇异构的研究
贾艳辉, 汪珊珊, 李公平#
2008, 25(3): 311-315. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.311
摘要:
使用可视化图形用户界面程序GaussView给出了Cu6团簇所有可能存在的结构, 用量化计算软件Gaussian03的B3LYP杂化密度泛函和SDD基组对所给结构进行优化, 最终得到了8种Cu6团簇的异构体。 对所得异构体的结合能和结构进行了分析, 发现结合能和实验值以及理论值符合得很好, 在结构方面其最稳定的是平面三角形结构。 在8种异构中有正五边形等3种结构是首次模拟得到的, 所得结果为以后的理论和实验工作提供了参考。 The possible structure of Cu6 cluster has been given with the GaussView that is a graphical user interface software. The structure optimization was performed on the B3LYP functional and SDD basic set of the quantum computational software of Gaussian03. And eight isomers of Cu6 cluster were calculated. The binding energy and the structure of eight isomers have been investigated in detail. The result showed that the value of the binding energy was in reasonable agreement with available experimental data, as well as with other theoretical results, and the most stable structure was the triangle of plane. Three new isomers of the Cu6 cluster have been got in our work, which would be the valuable data for the further theoretical and experimental study.