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2004年  第21卷  第3期

核物理
核物质中K介子有效质量与非线性效应
李希国, 郭艳蕊, 高远, 靳根明, 李永青
2004, 21(3): 183-187. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.183
摘要:
分析了核物质标量密度和矢量密度对K介子有效质量的影响.使用非线性σ-ω-ρ模型和相对论平均场理论,给出了核物质标量密度和矢量密度的近似关系曲线,并与线性σ-ω模型的情况进行了比较.利用这一关系,改进了K介子有效质量和核物质密度之间存在的依赖关系,比较不同模型对K介子有效质量的影响.同时也计算了纯中子物质中K介子在不同模型下的有效质量曲线,并与在对称核物质中的情况进行了比较.
We investigate the effect of the nuclear vector density ρ_B and the scalar density ρ_S on in-medium kaon and antikaon effective masses. Based on nonlinear σ-ω-ρ model in the relativistic mean-field approximation, we obtained the relation between the two nuclear densities both σ-ω model and σ-ω-ρ model. By (using) the relation, we improve the dependence of in-medium kaon and antikaon effective masses. We also studied the differences of kaon and antikaon effective mass abtained by...
HBT参数对π源空间分布的敏感性研究(英文)
唐圭新, 张卫宁, 刘亦铭, 霍雷, 张景波, 陈相君
2004, 21(3): 188-191. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.188
摘要:
利用理想高斯源的两粒子关联函数,对单高斯源和双高斯源的两π介子HBT关联效应进行了研究,得出了相应的半径参数和A参数.结果表明,半径参数主要取决于高能重离子碰撞中多数π介子产生的中间区域;对产生π介子的边缘区域的空间分布形状不敏感.在边缘区域内产生的π介子主要影响A参数的变化.π介子源空间分布的非高斯形是导致λ参数减少的一个重要因素.The HBT radius parameters and the HBT λ-parameters of single Gaussian source and double Gaussian source are investigated by using two-pion correlation function in HBT intensity interferometry. It is indicated that the radius parameter is insensitive to the spatial shape of the edge zone of source and is mainly affected by the size of the central zone of pions emitted in high energy heavy-ion collisions. The pions produced at the edge of source influence the λ parameter. The non-Gaus...
非束缚核9He的实验研究
王宏伟
2004, 21(3): 192-196. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.192
摘要:
简要介绍了目前有关非稳定核^9He的实验和理论研究现状.现代壳模型理论计算表明。He的基态自旋宇称为1/2^+,而不是1/2^-,即存在自旋宇称翻转现象.到目前为止,实验上虽然观测到了^9He的几个共振态,但还不能确认其基态的能量和自旋宇称值.利用新的实验技术——逆运动学弹性共振散射,对^9He核进行研究,给出了共振态的自旋宇称可能的取值范围.在ISOL型次级束装置上的实验有望能给出^9He核能级的精确测量.The status of theoretical and experimental investigations on unbound nucleus()~(9)He is briefly introduced. The results of modern shell model suggest that the ground state of~(9)He should be 1/2~(+) instead of 1/2~(- )as expected by the normal shell ordering. Therefore, it means that the parity inversion which was well known in~(11)Be occurs also in~(9)He ground state. Recently, some resonance states were observed in transfer reactions and final-state reaction, but their spin-parities cannot be exact...
在原子核结构的Jastrow描述中质子与4He的弹性散射(英文)
武青, 周丽娟, 马维兴
2004, 21(3): 197-202. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.197
摘要:
基于原子核结构的Jastrow描述和Glauber多重散射理论,我们对1GeV的质子与^4He的小角度弹性散射微分截面的实验数据进行了理论分析.理论计算的结果成功地解说了实验观测的数据.表明:原子核中核子间的短程关联是重要的,它可能是原子核晕核结构现象的动力学起源,为理论上研究原子核的晕现象打下了基础.
Based on the Jastrow description of nuclear structure, theoretical analysis of the experimental cross sections for small-angle elastic p-~(4)He scattering at the energy about 1 GeV has been performed in the framework of Glauber multiple scattering theory. Our theoretical calculations reproduce the corresponding data successfully. This agreement confirms that nuclear short range correlation seems to be important and sets up a theoretical basis for calculating nuclear halo-like phenomena which may originate ...
对超重核基态性质的系统性研究
张鸿飞, 左维, 任秀宰, 周小红, 李君清
2004, 21(3): 203-206. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.203
摘要:
对有限力程小液滴模型计算的质子数z=101—130超重核同位素链核的基态性质进行了系统的分析,通过对这些同位素链中处于裂变稳定线上核的平均结合能、四极形变、单质子分离能、双质子分离能和a衰变能等性质的系统研究,显示了质子数Z=108,114,126和中子数N=162,180,196时壳幻数的存在,同时可以看到Z=127之后超重核的基态性质还需要进一步研究。
The calculated data by the Finite Range Droplet Model (FRDM) for the ground state properties of super-heavy nuclear isotope chains from Z=101 to Z=130 are analyzed in a global systematic way. Some quantities of the super-heavy nuclei which lie on the line of stability agains fission, such as the mean binding energy, deformation, single and double proton separation energy, as well as the α decay energy indicate the existence of the shell closure positions at Z=108, 114 and 126 and N=162...
质量数A≈125的热核GDR特性的研究
范红梅, D. Santonocito, Y. Blumenfeld, P. Piattelli, C. Agodi, R. Alba, G. Bellia, R. Coniglione, F. Delaunay, A. Del Zoppo, P. Finocchiaro, N. Frascaria, V. Lima, C. Maiolino, E. Migneco, P. Sapienza
2004, 21(3): 207-209. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.207
摘要:
简单介绍了利用LNS的回旋加速器产生的^116。Sn束轰击^12C和^24Mg靶的实验装置以及实验过程.该实验通过MEDEA探测器测量了由全熔合与非全熔合反应产生的较低激发能区(160-300MeV)质量数A≈125的热核的巨偶极共振特性,比较了不同靶子、不同束流能量时巨偶极共振的7产额的变化.
The experiment was carried out at the National Laboratory of South in Italy using~(116)Sn beam of 17 and 23 MeV/u delivered from the Superconducting Cyclotron impinging on~(12)C and~(24)Mg targets. The hot nuclei have been formed by complete and incomplete fusion reactions. The characteristics of the giant dipole resonance(GDR) in hot nuclei of mass A≈125 at lower excitation energies between 160 and 300 MeV have been measured with the multi element detector array (MEDEA) detector. A comparison of GDR ...
加速器
加速器质谱技术在核物理与天体物理中的应用
何明, 姜山, 董克君, 武绍勇
2004, 21(3): 210-213. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.210
摘要:
介绍了利用加速器质谱技术在核物理与核天体物理中的应用研究工作.包括放射性核素半衰期的测定、核反应截面的测量、超重元素的寻找、宇宙射线和太阳中微子性质等方面的研究工作.The application work which has been done and can be done in the nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics using accelerator mass spectrometry is reviewed. The half-life measurement of long-lived radio isotopes, cross section measurement of nuclear reaction, searching for super heavy elements, cosmic study and solar neutrino detection are the main components which have been discussed
影响DPF焦点装置中子稳定性的因素和改进措施
郭洪生, 李恩平, 何锡钧, 彭太平, 冯春
2004, 21(3): 214-217. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.214
摘要:
简要叙述了稠密等离子体聚焦装置作为中子发生器的工作原理,对影响稠密等离子体聚焦装置放电出中子产额及其稳定性的一些因素和改进措施进行了简单讨论.通过使用不同电极形状的场畸变开关很好地提高了焦点装置的运行,使装置输出中子的起伏得到明显的改善.通过对腔内电极的清洁,在不更换气体的条件下,聚焦装置放电出中子产额稳定.The principle of dense plasma focus(DPF) as neutron generator has been investigated in this paper. We have stated briefly some factors that mainly influnce the DPF s neutron yield and some methods improving the stability of neutron yields on the dense plasma focus. It is showed that the fluctuation of DPF output neutron becomes smaller by using different types of field-distortion elements. Over 100 consecutive shots without purging the test gas the neutron yields has no obvious change.
交叉学科
宇宙线对地球气候的影响
贾焕玉
2004, 21(3): 218-224. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.218
摘要:
对宇宙线影响地球气候的一些观测结果和物理机制的研究进行了总结和概述,主要讨论了宇宙线对大气中化学反应、云形成过程等的影响,并给出了羊八井宇宙线观测站对宇宙线流强和大气参量日变化的初步观测结果.The cosmic ray flux has some changes due to the solar modulation and other factors, and maybe induce some variability of the Earth s climate. This paper intends to introduce and discuss some fundamental and important physics mechanism for cosmic ray influence on the atmosphere, including chemical reaction and cloud microphysics etc, and give some observational results of these effects. Finally, provide some primary results of the very high energy cosmic ray variations and meteorological effects ...
载能团簇离子在物质中的能量损失
丁富荣, 史平, 王尧, 何卫红, 聂锐
2004, 21(3): 225-230. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.225
摘要:
实验表明,团簇离子在物质中的能量损失并不等于各成分单独作用的总和,而是具有非线性效应.这种非线性效应与团簇离子的能量、团簇的种类和大小、团簇成分之间的空间关联程度以及作用物质的结构有关.对团簇作用的非线性效应研究对于了解团簇与物质相互作用的机制具有非常重要的理论意义.MeV能区的团簇离子在物质中的非线性电子能损和核能损方面的直接实验数据还相当缺乏,其理论模型也更待建立.评述了载能团簇离子在物质中的能量损失及测量方法.Fast ions deposit energy in matter through electronic and nuclear collision processes. The relaxation of the deposited energy induces emission of photons, electrons, ions, and neutral species from the target. Comparing with single incident ion, cluster induces many new phenomena: such as non-linear energy loss, non-linear emission of secondary ions, production of giant tracks and craters in various irradiated materials. These new phenomena induced by clusters are attributed to the vicinage effect ......
He离子注入单晶Si纳米气泡形成生长及其应用探讨
刘昌龙
2004, 21(3): 231-237. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.231
摘要:
首先简述了He离子注入单晶Si引起的气泡形成、生长以及其它缺陷对其生长的影响,介绍了Si中He气泡生长的可能微观机制以及它们在现代半导体技术中潜在的应用前景,提出了该领域研究有待解决的关键问题.He ion implantation induced bubbles or cavities in silicon have been paid more and more attentions due to their potential applications in modern semiconductor technology. In this paper, He ion implantation induced formation and growth of bubbles in silicon together with their interactions with other defects were first briefly reviewed. Then the possible growth mechanisms of He bubbles in silicon and their potential applications in modern semiconductor technology were described. Finally, we presented the ke...
重离子辐照玉米种子M1代诱变效应研究
罗红兵, 赵葵, 郭继宇, 隋丽, 倪嵋楠, 梅俊平, 路秀琴, 周平, 孔福全
2004, 21(3): 238-242. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.238
摘要:
用重离子^7Li和^12C以及^60Co的γ射线分别辐照玉米种子胚,研究重离子束辐照玉米种子M1代的生物学效应.结果表明:^60Co的丫射线使种子的发芽势和发芽率降低,重离子^7Li和^12C对发芽势和发芽率的抑制作用不明显;重离子辐照后,单株之间光合速率差异增大;M1代植株在雄性育性、叶片颜色及株高等方面发生了多种变化,并产生了一株双胚苗.应用随机多态性DNA分析技术,发现双胚苗的大、小苗之间及其与亲本自交系478在随机多态性DNA指纹上存在的差异,从分子水平上初步证实了双胚苗为自交系478的变异类型.In order to study M_(1) biological effects of heavy ion irradiation on maize seeds, the embryos of dry maize seeds are irradiated with~(7)Li ions and~(12)C ions as well as ~( 60)Co gamma rays. The results are as follows: ~( 60)Co gamma rays decrease germination impetus and germination rate of maize seeds, while the inhibitory effects of germination impetus and germination rate induced by the heavy ions~(7)Li and~(12)C are not significant. The difference of photosynthetic rates among the plants irradiate...
符合计数在钚的属性测量中的应用研究
师学明, 刘成安
2004, 21(3): 243-248. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.243
摘要:
中子符合计数在核材料认证和管理中有着广泛的应用.系统阐述了中子符合计数的基本原理,对“点模型”公式作了推导.利用MCNP4B程序实现了中子符合计数的数值模拟.Neutron coincidence counting is widely used in the authentication and management of nuclear material. The basic principles of coincidence counting and the derivation of "point model" formulae of "point model" are introduced in this paper. The numerical simulation of the coincidence counting is implemented by use of the MCNP4B package.
α-Si1-xCx:H薄膜材料的弹性反冲探测分析
周平, 路秀琴, 郭继宇, 赵葵, 吴伟明, 隋丽, 倪嵋楠, 梅俊平, 罗红兵, 刘建成
2004, 21(3): 249-252. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.249
摘要:
介绍在中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器上,对α-Si1-xCx:H薄膜样品进行弹性反冲探测分析的方法和结果.用该加速器提供的高品质^127Ⅰ束流轰击α-Si1-xCx:H薄膜材料样品,用△E(gas)一E(PSD)望远镜探测器,在前角区(30。角)测量从该样品中反冲的各元素的能谱.然后用离子束分析(IBA)程序SIMNRA对能谱进行拟合,得到样品中H,C和Si的比分及深度分布.Elastic recoil detection analysis of α-Si_(1-x)C_(x)∶H foils has been performed at the HI-13 tandem accelerator of CIAE. High quality~(127)I beam bombards the target of α -Si_(1-x)C_(x)∶H_( ) thin film. A ΔE(gas)-(E(PSD)) telescope was used to measure the energy spectra of all elements recoiled from the samples at the angle of 30° in laboratory system. Components of H, C and Si and the profiles were obtained by simulation of the energy spectra using the program SIMNRA calculation.
用指纹元素散布分析研究古耀州瓷胎的起源
赵维娟, 李融武, 郭敏, 高正耀, 李国霞, 谢建忠, 冯松林, 范东宇, 张颖, 柴之芳, 禚振西
2004, 21(3): 253-257. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.253
摘要:
选取耀州窑瓷胎样品25个,唐三彩的胎3个,作坊匣钵料样品1个,耀州博物馆附近粘土矿样品4个.用中子活化分析测量样品中29种元素的含量,从这29种元素中挑选出8种指纹元素,将指纹元素的含量进行散布分析.结果表明,出自不同窑口的古耀州瓷的胎,有着长期稳定的、集中的原料产地.耀州窑唐三彩的胎料产地和耀州瓷胎的原料产地相同.25 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies, 3 samples of the tri-color pottery bodies during the Tang Dynasty, 1 samples of Saggar material during Song Dynasty and 4 samples of clay mineral taken from the place near Yaozhou Kiln Museum was selected . The technique of neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been employed to measure the content of 29 kinds of elements in the samples. 8 elements of them were selected as fingerprint elements to make scatter analysis.The conclusion is that the ancient Yaozhou por...
核能与核数据库
中子俘获瞬发γ射线数据评价(英文)
周春梅
2004, 21(3): 258-262. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.21.03.258
摘要:
简要地介绍了中子俘获瞬发γ射线数据及其衰变纲图的评价方法技术、主要程序及其功能、数据评价流程、强度平衡检验,以及对A=1-44的稳定核素和A>190的部分稳定核素的热中子俘获瞬发γ射线数据及其衰变纲图评价的具体应用.The method of prompt γ-ray data evaluation for neutron capture and how to calculate the prompt γ-ray intensities of neutron capture have been briefly presented. The prompt γ-ray data of thermal-neutron capture of some stable nuclei for A=1-44 and A>190 have been evaluated. The ENSDF format has been adopted. The checks of intensity balance and format have been made. The examples are given to illustrate its application.