Abstract: Using a microscopic four-body cluster model, we investigate the spectral properties and structural configurations of the \rm ^10Be nucleus. We calculate physical quantities such as the root-mean-squared (r.m.s.) radii and electromagnetic transition strengths. The theoretical results for the energies and certain electromagnetic transition strengths of the low-lying states show good agreement with experimental data. In particular, the enhancement of the r.m.s. radius and isoscalar monopole transition strength of the 0_3^+ state indicates a well-developed cluster structure. We obtained three 1^- states in E_\rm x< 15 MeV that show remarkable dipole transition strengths, suggesting that the 1^- states may have cluster structure. Using the obtained wave functions, we calculate the reduced-width amplitudes (RWAs) to investigate the ^6\textHe+\alpha and ^9\textBe+ \rmn two-body cluster structures in ¹⁰Be. The results suggest that the low-lying states show the two-body ^6\textHe+\alpha and \rm ^9Be+ \rmn configuration, with the ^6\textHe+\alpha components of the two-body structure diminishing as the energy increases, which due to the breakup of \rm^6He and \rm^9Be at higher excitation energies. Moreover, a few states above the \alpha+\alpha+ \rmn+ \rmn threshold still exhibit significant ^9\textBe+ \rmn components.