Abstract: The equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars holds significant research significance in nuclear astrophysics, astrophysics, and dense QCD phase structure. It plays a decisive role in the structure, formation, and evolution of these stars. The direct detection of gravitational waves by LIGO has ushered in a golden age of neutron star research. This article presents our research progress on neutron star strangeness phase transitions, hyperon puzzle, and the evolution of temperature and frequency. We combine nuclear physics and astronomy to analyze these phenomena and also discuss ways of distinguishing different types of neutron stars based on current multi-messenger observations and model calculations of microscopic parameters in the equation of state.