Abstract: For a century, with the relentless pursuit in the research of new physics, new phenomena, and new structures, particle accelerators have also developed in the direction of high-energy, high-intensity, and high beam quality. Electron cooling is a powerful method to the improve the quality and brightness of the stored ion beams, which directly determines the performance of the accelerator and the accuracy of the experiments. With the development of a series of high-energy accelerators in the world, especially the high luminosity requirement of the new generation of large-scale scientific devices such as EIC and EicC, beam cooling technology in the middle- and high-energy range are facing major challenges. As one of the most potential solutions, electronic cooling technology is an important breakthrough direction of research at home and abroad. A series of new theories, new solutions and new problems need to be verified and studied. Aiming at beam cooling at medium and high energies in the future, this paper introduces the latest developments in electron cooling technology in recent years, briefly introduces the related devices and experiments, and also discusses the development of high-energy electron cooling technology in the future.