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基于极化氦三靶的原子核散射实验

Nuclear Scattering Experiment Based on the Polarized Helium-3 Target

  • 摘要: 利用极化的氦三气体靶可以显著地拓展传统的核物理实验研究,观察初态自旋自由度对核反应过程动力学的影响。本文通过列举极化三体核力实验以及极化的重离子电荷交换反应实验,介绍了极化氦三靶在核物理实验研究中的独特优势。在质子散射实验中,通过测量不同极化方向下的多种末态产物角分布,可以进一步检验手征有效场理论对于三体核力的描述;而在与重离子的电荷交换反应中,通过控制靶极化方向可以分离π介子交换与ρ介子交换对于核子自旋同位旋激发的贡献,从而为研究核子在不同核环境中的动力学演化提供独一无二的契机。结合我国新一代大科学装置的建设背景,尤其是以加速器驱动嬗变系统(ADS)和强流重离子加速器装置(HIAF)和中国散裂中子源(CNS)为代表的先进实验平台为原子核物理实验研究提供了理想的机遇。新的实验技术手段将明显拓展在这些大型核科学装置上开展实验研究的深度与广度。极化氦三靶做为其中具有独特优势的研究手段,必将具有广阔的应用前景。

     

    Abstract: The polarized helium-3 target offers a great opportunity of expanding the nuclear physics experiment to observe the impacts of the spin dimension in the initial state on the nuclear reaction. In this work by illustrating the possible applications of the target in the polarized three-body force experiment and in the polarized heavy ion charge exchange reaction, the unique advantage of the polarized helium-3 target was described. In the proton scattering experiment, by measuring the distribution of various products in the final state with various polarization direction, it is possible to further verify the 3-body-force part of the chiral effective theory. In the charge exchange reaction with the heavy ion beam, by control the polarization direction it is possible to distinguish the pion-exchange and rho-meson-exchange terms in the nucleon spin-isospin excitation. Thus it offers a unique opportunity to study the dynamic evolution of nucleon in different nuclear environments. Under the background of constructing the new generation large science facilities in China, specifically the ADS, HIAF, and CNS as the great representations of advanced platform for nuclear physics study, new technology will exploit both the width and depth of reaches on them. Thus the polarized helium-3 target as a unique research method owns a bright perspective.

     

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