摘要: 揭示隐藏于复杂中的简单性相关的特殊对称性是核理论研究的"圣杯"，回顾了其探索历史和当前利用高性能计算设备及应用数学方法进行的从头计算无芯壳模型研究。作为对称性主导无芯壳模型（SA-NCSM）计算的实例，通过对轻核和中重质量区核素的能谱计算及与实验结果的比较，清晰地展示了群论在揭示这些当今最先进计算手段得到结果中所起的重要作用。作为SA-NCSM的有趣推广，从头引入形变的新方法提供了解决所有以探索原子核的集体性质为目的的从头计算方法都要面对的模型空间维数呈组合数增长的处理手段，并且该方法使本理论能用于描述重核及奇特核。


Exploiting special symmetries to unmask simplicity within complexity that remains the "holy grail" of nuclear theory is re-examined within the framework of its historical context and current ab initio nocore shell-model approaches that exploit high-performance computing resources and applied math methodologies. Examples using the symmetry-adapted no-core shell model (SA-NCSM) that clearly demonstrate the important role group theory plays in this evolving story will serve to elucidate current state-of-the-art developments in this arena, including comparisons of excitation spectra and transition rates with experimental results for light and medium-mass nuclei. An interesting extension of the SA-NCSM, an advanced method with a novel twist that enables one to incorporate deformation from the onset, will be proffered as a further way to manage the combinatorial growth of model-space dimensionalities that remains the nemesis of all theories that seek an ab initio understanding of nuclear collectivity, and in so doing extends applicability of the theory to heavier and more exotic nuclear species.