摘要: 质量是原子核的基本性质之一，在核物理和核天体物理中都有重要的应用。原子核质量测量是目前核物理研究的一个前沿热点课题，国际上各个核物理实验室积极发展新设备和新技术，在短寿命放射性核素测量和超高精度质量测量方面取得了重要进展，本文对此进行了总结评述。在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）上利用等时性质量谱仪测量了一些原子核的质量，本文对其在测量精度、核态最短寿命等前沿进展做了简要介绍，并介绍了正在发展的双飞行时间质量谱仪。原子质量评估收集所有与原子核质量相关的实验数据，经过评估后推荐出质量值及相应误差。原子质量评估AME2016于2017年3月发表，为科技工作者提供基准数据。


Mass is a fundamental property of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear mass data play an important role in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics. Thanks to the developments of novel mass spectrometers and radioactive nuclear beam facilities, the experimental knowledge of nuclear masses has been continuously expanding along two main directions, including:measurements aimed at high-precision mass values and at the most exotic nuclei far from the stability. The latest progress are reviewed in the paper. In the past few years, mass measurements of short-lived nuclides were performed using isochronous mass spectrometry based on the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL-CSR). The progresses on the frontiers of short half-life and high precision are introduced. The Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME) is the most reliable source for the comprehensive information related to the atomic (nuclear) masses. The latest version of the AME, i.e., AME2016, was published in March, 2017, serving the research community with the benchmark data.