摘要: 总结了目前基于分析地面实验室以及天文观测数据所得到的关于核物质对称能密度相关性的约束。结果表明，在核物质饱和密度ρ₀处，关于对称能的大小E_sym(ρ₀) 及其密度梯度参数L 的不同具体约束强烈地依赖于不同的实验数据或理论方法。另一方面，所有存在的约束都和E_sym(ρ₀) = (32.5±2.5) MeV 以及L=(55±25) MeV一致。如何确定核物质对称能的高密行为仍然是一个挑战。We summarize the current available constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy obtained from terrestrial laboratory measurements and astrophysical observations. While the magnitude E_sym(ρ₀) and density slope L of the symmetry energy at saturation density ρ₀ can vary largely depending on the data or analysis methods, all the available constraints are in agreement with E_sym(ρ₀) =(32.5±2.5) MeV and L=(55±25) MeV. The determination of the high density behaviors of the symmetry energy remains a big challenge.