摘要: 传统的X射线无损检测应用广泛， 但X射线对低原子序素构成为主的爆炸物不能进行有效的甄别； 中子穿透能力较强， 能和原子核相互作用产生特征γ射线， 因此中子无损检测方法能有效弥补X射线无损检测方法的不足。 介绍了几种常用的中子无损检测方法， 并采用脉冲快热中子法（为PFTNA）的方法对模拟爆炸物进行了测量。 实验结果表明， 利用密封中子发生器和采用PFTNA方法进行爆炸物检测是可行的。 Traditional Xray scatheless detecting method is used widely, but it is not useful to discriminate explosive consisting of low Z atomic elements. The penetrability of neutron is much better, and it can interact on atomic nucleus to emit characteristic γ ray. So neutron scatheless detecting methods can the used to detect the low Z atomic elements. In this paper, several neutron scatheless detecting methods are introduced briefly, and the principium experiment using Pulse Fast Thermal Neutron Analysis(PETNA) to detect a kind of explosive simulacrum is carried out. The experiment results show that PFTNA based on the sealed neutron generator is feasible to detect explosive.