摘要: 本文简介与评述了当今核天体物理学的几个最为突出的重大疑难问题，如（１）恒星晚期演化研究中最为关键的几个核反应截面的不确定性；（２）Ⅰａ型超新星爆发理论基本环节中的争论及其一些严重矛盾的问题；（３）Ⅱ型超新星爆发现有理论和它迄今尚未能自洽地获得（观测到的）爆发这一重大矛盾的关键原因及为突破这个困难人们最近所作的较为成功的探讨［２５，２６］；（４）星际２６Ａｌ问题和它所面临的困难及提出合成２６Ａｌ核的可能新途径［２８］． Some puzzles being anxious to be solved are reviewed in this paper, which include cross sections of the nuclear reactions being important for the stellar evolution, the key problems and difficulties in the theory of both typeⅠa and Ⅱ supernova, and the problem of interstellar medium 26Al.Some research subjects of nucleoastrophysics are also proposed.