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寻找由奇异夸克物质构成的天体

Searching for Strange Quark Objects

  • 摘要: 由上、下、奇异夸克组成的致密奇异夸克物质可能是强相互作用物质的绝对基态。基于这一奇异夸克物质假说,脉冲星实际上可能是奇异星。奇异星的质量-半径关系、冷却等观测特征与传统的中子星有所不同,但当前的天文观测尚不能完全区分二者。奇异星能够驱动快速射电暴和引力波暴。而奇异夸克物质的稳定性更使得行星质量的奇异夸克物质团块,即奇异行星能够自束缚地稳定存在。奇异行星非常致密,能够在周期小于6 100 s的非常近的轨道上围绕中心天体公转,而一般物质组成的行星在此距离上则会被潮汐瓦解。因此,这种密近的系外行星一旦被发现,便能有力地佐证奇异星的存在。同时,奇异矮星也能在奇异夸克物质假说下稳定存在。未来的多波段多信使天文观测将能有助于厘清致密物质的真实性质。

     

    Abstract: Dense strange quark matter (SQM) composed of up, down, and strange quarks may be the absolute ground state of strong-interaction matter. Based on this SQM hypothesis, pulsars may actually be strange stars. Strange stars are different from conventional neutron stars in features such as mass-radius relationship and cooling rate, but current astronomical observations cannot discriminate between them unambiguously yet. Strange stars can power fast radio bursts and gravitational-wave bursts. The ultimate stability of SQM enables self-bound planetary-mass SQM clumps, i.e. strange planets, to exist stably. A strange planet, being very dense, can revolve around a central object in a very close orbit with a period shorter than 6 100 s. By contrast, a plant made up of normal matter shall be tidally disrupted at such a short distance. Therefore, these close-in planetary systems would strongly evidence the existence of strange planets once they were discovered. Moreover, strange dwarfs can stably exist under the SQM hypothesis. Future multiwavelength and multimessenger astronomical observations may help clarify the nature of dense matter.

     

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