Energy Losses of Energetic Cluster in Matter

Key words: 
• cluster /
• non-linear effect /
• energy loss /
• pulse height defect /
• ion beam mixing

Abstract: Fast ions deposit energy in matter through electronic and nuclear collision processes. The relaxation of the deposited energy induces emission of photons, electrons, ions, and neutral species from the target. Comparing with single incident ion, cluster induces many new phenomena: such as non-linear energy loss, non-linear emission of secondary ions, production of giant tracks and craters in various irradiated materials. These new phenomena induced by clusters are attributed to the vicinage effect...