关键词: 
中子星 /
制动指数 /
量子真空摩擦 /
单极感应

摘要: 中子星的制动机制是中子星研究中的基本问题。磁偶极辐射模型给出中子星的制动指数为3，而所有观测到的中子星的制动指数都小于3，这表明中子星除磁偶极辐射之外还存在其他的转动能量损失方式。考虑中子星的转动动能损失来自：磁偶极辐射、由于单极感应引起的粒子流逃逸以及中子星和量子真空摩引起的能量损失。基于这3 种辐射机制，给出了改进后的中子星能量损失功率的计算公式和周期对时间一阶导数与周期的依赖关系。考察了6 颗中子星( J1119–6127, B1509–58, J1846–0258,B0531+21, B0540–69 和B0833–45 ) 的周期-周期一阶导数关系，制动指数、表面磁场强度以及磁倾角之间的关系。研究表明，星风效应中，真空间隙电势差为常数时磁倾角只能在有限范围内取值，而其他情况下磁倾角在0s 90°之间连续取值。The neutron stars’ braking mechanism is a fundamental problem in the study of neutron stars. The braking index exactly equal to 3 in pure magnetodipole radiation model, however, all the observed braking index of rotationpowered pulsars is less than 3. This indicates that the additional energy loss ways must exist besides the magnetodipole radiation. The magnetodipole radiation, the ejection of particle outflow and quantum vacuum friction are considered as the source of the loss of rotational kinetic energy of rotation-powered pulsars. Based on the three mechanism of loss of the energy, the relation between the period of pulsars and the first derivative of the period to time and the pulsars’ energy losing power are given. The relationship of the periods and the first derivative of the periods of six pulsars(J1119−6127,B1509−58, J1846−0258, B0531+21, B0540−69 and B0833−45) is studied. The relation between the surface magnetic field intensity and the magnetic inclination is discussed. Research shows that when the electric potential difference of vacuum gap is a constant the inclination angle is limited in a smaller range and in the other cases the inclination is the continuous value between 0∼90 degrees.