关键词: 
辐射 /
旁效应 /
体内研究 /
表观遗传学

摘要: 大量的细胞生物学研究显示， 辐射诱发旁效应的传输信号包括活性氧自由基（ROS）、 一氧化氮自由基（NO）以及一些细胞因子。 近年来，越来越多的文献报道关于体内旁效应特征的研究， 并已经证实在生物体内辐射诱导的旁效应不仅能发生在相邻组织， 还可发生在远源器官。这些体内旁效应包括DNA损伤、表观遗传学改变、miRNA及基因表达改变、 细胞增殖和凋亡等。 为了总结和分析辐射诱发体内旁效应的特征， 本文综述了辐射诱发体内旁效应的特点， 包括其与性别、 传播途径、辐射品质的关系以及相关机制的研究。
Radiationinduced bystander effect is defined as the induction of damage in neighboring nonhit cells by signals released from directlyirradiated cells. ROS， NO and cytokines are involved in signaling pathways of bystander effects. Recently， the bystander effects in vivo have been reported more and more. It has been indicated that radiation induced bystander effect was localized not only in bystander tissues but also in distant organs. This effect includes many biological endpoints such as DNA damage， epigenetic， miRNA and gene expression changes， cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this review we described different aspects of ionizing radiationinduced bystander effects such as its characteristics， sex specific， signaling transfer， dose and LET dependence， and related mechanisms.