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TALYS程序是由荷兰核研究和咨询集团NRG的Koning等[28]开发的一套核反应计算程序,用于计算能量在1 keV到200 MeV范围内的中子、光子、质子、氘核、氚核、3He和α粒子等诱发的核反应。程序考虑了三个主要的核反应机制:直接反应、预平衡发射及复合核衰变,直接反应过程基于光学势模型进行计算,预平衡发射贡献采用激子模型,复合核衰变基于Hauser-Feshbach统计理论。
本工作所用的TALYS-1.95程序包含了六种能级密度模型(ldmodel 1-6)、四种预平衡发射模型(preeqmode 1-4)。GDH模型(The geometry dependent hybrid model)是由Blann[30]提出的用于非平衡团簇发射的几何依赖混合模型,Konobeyev等[31]将该模型加入TALYS-g中。表1给出了各模型对应输入参数的说明。
表 1 TALYS-1.95程序能级密度模型、预平衡发射模型及GDH模型输入参数说明
输入参数 模型说明 ldmodel 1(默认参数) Constant temperature + Fermi gas model(CTFGM) ldmodel 2 Back-shifted Fermi gas model(BSFGM) ldmodel 3 Generalised superfluid model(GSFM) ldmodel 4 Microscopic level densities (Skyrme force) from Goriely's tables ldmodel 5 Microscopic level densities (Skyrme force) from Hilaire's combinatorial tables ldmodel 6 Microscopic level densities (temperature dependent HFB, Gogny force) from Hilaire's combinatorial tables preeqmode 1 Exciton model: Analytical transition rates with energy-dependent matrix element. preeqmode 2(默认参数) Exciton model: Numerical transition rates with energy-dependent matrix element. preeqmode 3 Exciton model: Numerical transition rates with optical model for collision probability. preeqmode 4 Multi-step direct/compound model preeqmode 5(GDH) The geometry dependent hybrid model -
EMPIRE程序是一款模块化的核反应计算程序,包含了多种核反应理论模型,能够用于核反应理论研究及核数据评价工作。适用于光子、轻粒子(n, p, d, t, 3He, α等)或重离子引起的核反应,入射粒子能量可达200 MeV。
本工作所用的EMPIRE-3.2.3程序包含了四种能级密度模型(LEVDEN 0-3)、激子模型(PCROSS)、预平衡蒙卡模型(HMS)和多步复合模型(MSC)。表2给出了各模型对应输入参数的说明。
表 2 EMPIRE-3.2.3程序能级密度模型及PCROSS、HMS、MSC输入参数说明
输入参数 模型说明 LEVDEN 0(默认参数) EMPIRE-specific level densities, adjusted to RIPL-3 experimental Dobs and to discrete levels. LEVDEN 1 Generalized Superfluid Model (GSM, Ignatyuk et al.), adjusted to RIPL experimental Dobs and to discrete levels. LEVDEN 2 Gilbert-Cameron level densities (parametrized by Ijinov et al.), adjusted to RIPL experimental
Dobs and to discrete levels.LEVDEN 3 RIPL-3 microscopic HFB level densities. PCROSS Exciton model with Iwamoto-Harada cluster emission. HMS Controls Monte Carlo pre-equilibrium calculations. MSC Controls Multi-step Compound calculations.
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摘要: 利用加速器直接生产99Mo和99mTc在核医学领域具有良好的发展前景,精确可靠的核反应数据对于同位素生产具有重要意义。本文通过对EXFOR数据库中natMo(p, x)96m+gTc、100Mo(p, x)99Mo、100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc核反应截面实验数据进行分析,采用多项式拟合实验数据给出参考值。并利用TALYS-1.95和EMPIRE-3.2.3程序结合不同能级密度、预平衡发射等模型 计算了40 MeV能量以下natMo(p, x)96m+gTc、100Mo(p, x)99mTc、100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc核反应的激发函数。对于natMo(p, x)96m+gTc核反应,TALYS-1.95程序采用能级密度输入参数ldmodel 6时,preeqmode 1, 2模型计算结果与实验数据符合最好。对于100Mo(p, x)99Mo核反应,TALYS-1.95程序采用能级密度输入参数ldmodel 6时,preeqmode 4模型计算结果与实验数据符合最好。对于100Mo(p, x)99Mo核反应,EMPIRE-3.2.3程序LEVDEN 2模型计算结果与实验数据符合最好。
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关键词:
- 质子诱发反应 /
- 激发函数 /
- 99Mo /
- 99mTc /
- TALYS-1.95 /
- EMPIRE-3.2.3
Abstract: Direct production of 99Mo and 99mTc with accelerator has a good development prospect in the field of nuclear medicine. Accurate and reliable nuclear reaction data is of great significance for isotope production. In this paper, the cross sections for natMo(p, x)96m+gTc, 100Mo(p, x)99Mo and 100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc reactions being taken from EXFOR database have been analyzed, and the experimental data were fitted by polynomial fit method. The excitation functions of natMo(p, x)96m+gTc、100Mo(p, x)99Mo and 100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc reactions were calculated up to 40 MeV by using TALYS-1.95 and EMPIRE-3.2.3 code with different energy level density and pre-equilibrium emission models. For the natMo(p, x)96m+gTc reaction, the calculation results predicted by preeqmode 1, 2 models are in good agreement with the experimental data when the input parameter ldmodel 6 of level density is used in TALYS-1.95 code. For the 100Mo(p, x)99Mo reaction, the calculation results predicted by preeqmode 4 models are in good agreement with the experimental data when the input parameter ldmodel 6 of level density is used in TALYS-1.95 code. For the 100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc reaction, the calculated results predicted by LEVDEN 2 in EMPIRE-3.2.3 code are in good agreement with the experimental data.-
Key words:
- proton induced reaction /
- excitation function /
- 99Mo /
- 99mTc /
- TALYS-1.95 /
- EMPIRE-3.2.3
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表 1 TALYS-1.95程序能级密度模型、预平衡发射模型及GDH模型输入参数说明
输入参数 模型说明 ldmodel 1(默认参数) Constant temperature + Fermi gas model(CTFGM) ldmodel 2 Back-shifted Fermi gas model(BSFGM) ldmodel 3 Generalised superfluid model(GSFM) ldmodel 4 Microscopic level densities (Skyrme force) from Goriely's tables ldmodel 5 Microscopic level densities (Skyrme force) from Hilaire's combinatorial tables ldmodel 6 Microscopic level densities (temperature dependent HFB, Gogny force) from Hilaire's combinatorial tables preeqmode 1 Exciton model: Analytical transition rates with energy-dependent matrix element. preeqmode 2(默认参数) Exciton model: Numerical transition rates with energy-dependent matrix element. preeqmode 3 Exciton model: Numerical transition rates with optical model for collision probability. preeqmode 4 Multi-step direct/compound model preeqmode 5(GDH) The geometry dependent hybrid model 表 2 EMPIRE-3.2.3程序能级密度模型及PCROSS、HMS、MSC输入参数说明
输入参数 模型说明 LEVDEN 0(默认参数) EMPIRE-specific level densities, adjusted to RIPL-3 experimental Dobs and to discrete levels. LEVDEN 1 Generalized Superfluid Model (GSM, Ignatyuk et al.), adjusted to RIPL experimental Dobs and to discrete levels. LEVDEN 2 Gilbert-Cameron level densities (parametrized by Ijinov et al.), adjusted to RIPL experimental
Dobs and to discrete levels.LEVDEN 3 RIPL-3 microscopic HFB level densities. PCROSS Exciton model with Iwamoto-Harada cluster emission. HMS Controls Monte Carlo pre-equilibrium calculations. MSC Controls Multi-step Compound calculations. -
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