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2002年  第19卷  第4期

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核物理
现代壳模型
罗延安, 李磊, 张小兵, 谭玉红, 宁平治
2002, 19(4): 365-372. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.365
摘要:
传统壳模型存在的一个主要问题是计算过于复杂以致无法进行.随着计算机计算能力的空前提高,现在已经可以进行极大规模的壳模型计算.然而,还不清楚这种计算对于深入理解物理问题是否有实际帮助.况且,对于组态空间可达1014—1018维的中重核,当前的计算机能力还达不到.因此对中重核仍需研究如何把巨大的模型空间截断到最佳的可操作子空间的问题.近来提出的配对壳模型给出了一个很有用的方法,其它截断模型可归入它的特殊情况.与此同时,从现实有效二体相互作用出发进行壳模型多体计算方面也正在取得巨大的进展. The current status on the theoretical investigations of the nuclear shell model is reviewed, and the fundamental problems in shellmodel studies are mentioned. Basically the shellmodel uses a very intuitive approach to study the nuclear manybody dynamics in terms of valence particles. It assumes that the nucleons, belonging to a closed core, do not participate in the establishment of the nuclear spectrum. One of the main problems in the (traditional) shell model is to make a calculation...
中高能重离子碰撞的高能光子测量及相关物理
文万信, 靳根明
2002, 19(4): 373-379. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.373
摘要:
高能光子探测为研究中高能重离子碰撞的许多重要问题如核物质性质、韧致辐射、阈下和阈上中性介子产生等提供了机遇.简要回顾了近几年国外开展的中能与相对论重离子碰撞高能光子实验概况,并简要介绍了欧洲合作研制的高能光子探测器TAPS的基本构造.另外,用GEANT程序模拟计算了50—1000MeV光子在TAPS标准8×8阵列中的能量响应. The Measurement of energetic photon produced in intermediate energy and relativistic energy heavy ion collisions provides opportunities for investigating many interesting and sophisticated problems such as properties of nuclear matter under extreme condition, bremsstrahlung, neutral meson production both below and above the production threshold in free nucleonnucleon collision. The related experiments performed at GANIL and GSI as well as the structure of the popular used detector ...
中能核反应中的集体流
魏志勇, 李祖玉, 诸永泰, 周瑾
2002, 19(4): 380-386. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.380
摘要:
介绍了中高能核反应过程中与集体流相关的可观测量,以及利用这些可观测量分析研究集体流、确定集体流参量的方法.除此而外,还介绍了通过测量分析集体流研究核态方程、介质中核子-核子碰撞截面及中高能核反应动力学发射过程. Observables that related to the flows in intermediate and relativistic energy heavy ion collisions are discussed .The flow parameters which describe directe flow, squeezeout and elliptic flow, as well as probing the equation of state, in medium nn cross section and the dynamical emission are reviewed.
丰中子核6He在28Si靶上的反应总截面测量
陈志强, 肖国青, 詹文龙, 郭忠言, 孙志宇, 李加兴, 王猛, 田文栋, 王建松, 王武生, 毛瑞士, 白洁, 胡正国, 陈立新, 李琛
2002, 19(4): 387-389. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.387
摘要:
实验测量了20—40MeV u的轻丰中子核6He在Si靶上的反应总截面,并且结合6He的高能实验数据,采用双参数HO密度分布形式用Glauber模型计算得到较好的拟合.与Warner的实验数据比较,反应总截面数据系统性好,并与能量有明显的依赖关系. Total reaction cross section (σt) was measured for neutonrich nuclei 6He on 28Si target from about 20 to 40 MeV/u and compared with Warner s experimental data. It is found that the total cross section of 6He on 28Si depends on the energy and it can be fitted well by Glauber model using twoterm HO density distribution from high energy data of 6He.
与散裂中子靶物理相关的理论计算程序探讨 II厚靶计算
樊胜, 于洪伟, 申庆彪, 赵志祥
2002, 19(4): 390-394. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.390
摘要:
散裂中子靶是加速器驱动洁净核能系统的一个重要环节.相关的理论计算程序和蒙特 卡罗方法是研究该系统的散裂靶物理的一个重要手段.对相关程序进行了比对和介绍,并对SHIELD程序系统在中国的发展和在散裂靶物理上的应用作了介绍.
加速器
AMS在核物理与天体物理研究中的应用
郭之虞, 张川
2002, 19(4): 395-398. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.395
摘要:
加速器质谱学方法在核物理与天体物理研究中有重要应用.主要介绍了该方法在寻找泡利不相容原理的违背事例和超新星活动研究等工作中的应用. As an ultra high sensitive analyzing method, accelerator mass spectrometry is playing an important role in the studies of nuclear physics and astrophysics. In this article, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) applications in searching for violation of Pauli exclusion principle and study on supernovae are discussed as examples.
CSR切割磁铁设计
马力祯, 何源, 王玥, 袁平, 韩少斐, 原有进, 夏佳文
2002, 19(4): 399-402. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.399
摘要:
兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL CSR)由一个主环(CSRm)和实验环(CSRe)构成.两个储存环的束流注入与引出都需要借助于切割磁铁的导向来完成.介绍了CSR的切割磁铁的物理设计和二维场计算. In order to satisfy the requirement of beam injection and extraction of CSR, four magnetic septums will be used in the accelerator. In the design, the shape of the lamination is optimized by 2-D magnetic field calculation. Also, in order to decrease the leakage field and obtain a satisfied field distribution, a special auxiliary coil and a shield iron plate are considered and as well as the construction of the septum leg is treated in a special way. As a result, the leakage field is almost...
加速器自动调束系统的研究
张峡, 王义芳, 黄新民
2002, 19(4): 403-406. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.403
摘要:
描述了加速器自动调束系统的设计方法,介绍了加速器调束工作的现状和实现自动调束的意义,阐述了基于遗传算法进行加速器自动调束的原理和加速器自动调束系统的设计方法,给出了计算机仿真实验结果,并指出了自动调束研究的发展方向. The principle of automatic beam tuning of accelerator based on genetic algorithms(GA) is expounded. Designing method of the automatic beam tuning system is introduced. Computer simulation results are presented, and the research direction of automatic beam tuning is discussed.
交叉学科
形(应)变超晶格的沟道效应与系统的相平面特征
罗诗裕, 马如康, 邵明珠
2002, 19(4): 407-410. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.407
摘要:
利用正弦平方势,把粒子运动方程化为具有δ力矩的摆方程.分析了无扰动系统的相平面特征,计算了扰动系统的退道效应.讨论了退道系数与晶格形变之间的关系.The particle motion equation has been reduced to the pendulum equation with a δmoment by using sinesquared potential. The phase planar characteristics have been analysed for a nonperturbed systeam . The dechanneling effects have been calculated numerically for a perturbed system. The relationship between the dechanneling fraction and superlattice deformation in resonance has been discussed.
高能质子引起器件单粒子效应的研究方法
刘杰, 侯明东, 张庆祥, 甑红楼, 孙友梅, 刘昌龙, 王志光, 朱智勇, 金运范
2002, 19(4): 411-415. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.411
摘要:
简略介绍了高能质子在半导体芯片中引起单粒子效应的实验测量和理论分析方法,包括核反应分析方法、半经验方法,介绍了质子和重离子翻转截面间的关系,并用重离子实验数据预测器件在质子环境下的翻转率. This article introduces briefly the experimental and theoretical methods that have been used to study highenergy protoninduced single event effect in semiconductor devices. The theoretical methods including nuclear reaction analysis method and semiempirical method are presented. The relationship of upset cross section between proton and heavy ions is described. Finally, onorbit proton upset rates are predicted by using the heavyion test data.
秦始皇陵二号坑兵马俑原料产地的中子活化分析
李国霞, 赵维娟, 李融武, 高正耀, 谢建忠, 韩国河, 冯松林, 范东宇, 张颖, 柴芝芳, 张仲立, 朱君孝
2002, 19(4): 416-420. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.416
摘要:
选取19个秦始皇陵二号坑兵马俑样品和20个秦陵附近粘土样品,进行中子活化分析(NAA),测定每个样品中32种元素的含量,并将NAA数据进行模糊聚类分析,得到动态聚类分析图.结果表明,二号坑兵马俑样品与秦陵附近粘土样品关系密切,二号坑兵马俑的原料产地及烧制窑址可能在秦陵附近.另外,还初步研究了秦陵封土、二号坑的夯土、回填土与秦陵附近粘土的关系. 32 trace element contents in each sample are measured by neutron activation analysis for the selected that 19 samples of terracotta warriors and horses from No.2 pit of Emperor Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum, 20 samples clay nearby Qin s Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. The trend cluster analysis diagram is obtained after sortting the data. The results show that the samples from the No.2 pit of Emperor Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum have a close relationship with the clay ..
秦始皇陵三号坑兵马俑的指纹元素散布分析
杨柳, 赵维娟, 李国霞, 谢建忠, 高正耀, 韩国河, 冯松林, 范东宇, 张颖, 柴之芳, 张仲立, 朱君孝
2002, 19(4): 421-424. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.421
摘要:
为研究秦始皇兵马俑三号坑原料产地,选取秦始皇三号坑的陶俑和陶马样品42个,秦始皇兵马俑博物馆附近粘土样品20个,用中子活化分析测量样品中32种微量元素的含量,从这32个元素中挑选出8种指纹元素的含量进行散布分析.结果表明三号坑兵马俑样品与秦始皇陵附近的垆土关系密切,与黄土关系稍远.由此推断,三号坑兵马俑的原料来源可能是骊山地区的粘土,烧制兵马俑的窑址也可能在秦始皇陵附近. Terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum is famous in the world, but their original place of raw material is still a riddle up to now. 42 samples of pottery warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum in pit No.3, 20 samples of clay nearby Museum of the terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum are selected and prepared for analysis. The contents of 32 microelement are measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA), the eight elements are chosen as the...
中高能核数据评价和建库国际概况
庄友祥, 王记民
2002, 19(4): 425-430. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.19.04.425
摘要:
简要介绍了中高能核数据评价和建库的国际概况,较细致地讨论了中高能核反应实验测量、理论计算、积分检验、评价和建库等,并对我国今后中高能核数据工作提出了建议.