关键词: 
对称能 /
有限核 /
核质量

摘要: 密度依赖的对称能作为核物质状态方程的同位旋相关部分，是当前核物理和天体物理两个领域共同关注的重要热点问题之一。人们在实验和理论两方面对此进行了大量的探索，然而由于问题的困难性，对其研究尚未达成共识。目前，研究对称能的方法有很多，其中包括微观和唯像核多体理论、重离子碰撞、原子核的巨共振等。近年来，低密对称能的研究已经取得了重要进展。本文综述了利用有限核的信息来约束核物质对称能的密度依赖性方面的研究工作，这一研究途径尽可能地降低了理论分析的模型依赖性。研究表明，²⁰⁸Pb 对称能(系数) asym(A) 等于参考密度ρ_A = 0.55ρ₀ 处的核物质对称能(系数)。这个关系将有限核与核物质的对称能联系了起来，借此可以探究亚饱和密度核物质对称能的密度依赖性，因此核心目标是准确确定²⁰⁸Pb 对称能(系数)。我们通过重核β^- 衰变能和质量差来提取208Pb 对称能(系数)，进而约束亚饱和密度下核物质对称能的密度依赖行为。Nuclear symmetry energy characterizing the isospin dependent part of equation of state, is a hot topic in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Although many theoretical and experimental efforts have been performed, due to its difficulty, this problem remains unsolved. There are many approaches to deal with this issue, including nuclear many-body theories, heavy ion reactions, and nuclear giant resonances. Recently,significant progress has been made in constraining the density dependence of the symmetry energy around the saturation density. We explore the symmetry energy around the saturation density with the help of the properties of finite nuclei to reduce the uncertainty as far as possible. It is found that the symmetry energy (coefficient) of 208Pb equals that of nuclear matter at reference density ρ_A = 0.55ρ₀ . This relation links the symmetry energy of the nuclear matter and the one of finite nuclei, with the help of which one can explore the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Thus, the central issue is to obtain the symmetry energy (coefficient) of ²⁰⁸Pb. We exacted it with the experimental −-decay energies of heavy nuclei and with nuclear mass differences, and then to constrain the density dependent symmetry energy at subsaturation density.