关键词: 
重离子碰撞 /
核温度 /
热化

摘要: 介绍了基于不同近似下的核温度的测量方法。不同测量方法给出的核温度不尽相同，这是因为
它们使用的基本假设不一样。讨论了原子核系统的特殊性，这些特殊性使得核温度的提取特别困难。重点比较了动力学近似的几种温度计：使用经典Maxwell-Boltzmann 近似的，和使用量子Fermi-Dirac近似的。使用氦锂温度计对照考虑费米子属性后的斜率温度计和涨落温度计，发现考虑费米属性后提取的核温度更接近于热力学温度。仍需更多的工作，从核体系的孤立性、有限性和费米子属性等方面来研究核系统热力学温度的提取方法。Nuclear thermometers based on different approaches are reviewed. Due to the different basic assumptions of these methods, the nuclear temperatures extracted by different thermometer approaches are not consistent. Moreover,
several problems which make the extraction of the nuclear temperatures even more difficult are discussed. The nuclear thermometers based on different kinetic approaches are compared. The nuclear temperatures extracted by methodsbased on quantum (Fermi-Dirac) kinetic approaches are compared to the double ratio temperatures THe; Li. Perspectives for future investigations of the thermal temperature are given.